During which phase are broad goals refined into explicit objectives?

The correct choice is programming, as this phase involves taking the broad goals established during the planning phase and refining them into specific, actionable objectives.

In the context of governmental operations, programming is the stage where initiatives are broken down into detailed projects and activities, ensuring that the goals are not only clear but also measurable. This is essential for effective implementation, as it allows for the alignment of resources, timelines, and responsibilities with the desired outcomes. During programming, specific benchmarks might be set, and the necessary steps to achieve these goals are outlined, making it a critical link between high-level planning and day-to-day operations.

While planning sets the groundwork by identifying overall goals, it is in the programming phase that these goals take shape with explicit objectives that can be clearly communicated and acted upon.