How do checks and balances function within government?

Checks and balances are a foundational principle in the structure of government, particularly in a system like that of the United States. This principle is designed to ensure that no single branch of government—executive, legislative, or judicial—can gain excessive power or authority over the others.

The correct choice explains that checks and balances function by constraining the actions of one branch by another. This means that each branch is given specific powers and responsibilities, along with the ability to oversee and limit the actions of the others. For example, while the legislative branch can make laws, the executive branch has the power to veto those laws, and the judicial branch can review them for constitutionality. This interdependence prevents any one branch from operating unilaterally or oppressively, fostering a balance of power that protects democracy and individual rights.

Understanding this concept is crucial because it illustrates how effective governance relies on cooperation and accountability among different branches. This framework is designed to promote fair governance, ensuring that public officials remain within their legal authority and that citizens' rights are safeguarded.