The federal government faces which type of debt limits?

The correct answer highlights that the federal government operates under statutory debt limits, which are imposed by law. These limits are set by Congress through legislation known as the debt ceiling. This statutory framework allows the government to borrow money to meet its existing financial obligations, such as paying salaries, social security benefits, and servicing existing debt.

Statutory limits are critical because they impact the government's ability to finance its operations and respond to economic challenges. Although there is a constitutional basis for federal borrowing—the Constitution does grant Congress the power to borrow money on the credit of the United States—there is no constitutional limit that directly restricts the total amount of debt that can be issued. Instead, the particulars of permissible debt levels are governed by statutes created by legislative action.

In contrast to the options suggesting constitutional or regulatory constraints, which do not accurately represent the true nature of the federal debt limit structure, the statutory nature of debt limits reflects the legal boundaries provided by enacted laws and shows how Congress plays a pivotal role in determining these limits.