What is the primary characteristic of mediation in conflict resolution?

Mediation is primarily characterized by the involvement of a neutral third party who facilitates dialogue between the conflicting parties. This neutral mediator does not impose a decision or solution but rather helps the parties communicate their needs and interests, working towards a mutually acceptable resolution. This process is collaborative and emphasizes cooperation, allowing the parties to retain control over the outcome.

In contrast, binding arbitration involves a third party who makes a decision that the parties must follow, which takes away the autonomy of the parties in deciding their own resolution. Agency intervention suggests a more authoritative approach where an agency steps in to manage or resolve the dispute, which diverges from the collaborative nature of mediation. Formal court proceedings involve a legal framework and can result in binding judgments, whereas mediation is informal and seeks consensus without a judicial mandate.