What principle is illustrated by the "separation of powers" in budgeting?

The principle illustrated by the "separation of powers" in budgeting is that each branch of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—has distinct roles and responsibilities in budget authority. This structure is foundational to a system of checks and balances, ensuring that no single branch gains excessive control over financial decisions.

In the context of budgeting, the legislative branch typically holds the power to create and approve budgets, while the executive branch may propose a budget and implement spending. The judicial branch has a lesser role but may influence budget-related decisions indirectly through rulings that affect funding or resources necessary for its operations. This division helps balance power among the branches, promotes transparency, and prevents misuse of funds.

Through this separation, it is reinforced that collaboration and negotiation among the branches are essential to the budgeting process, fostering accountability and responsible governance.