Who must advise and consent on presidential appointments of ambassadors and Supreme Court judges?

The Senate is responsible for advising and consenting on presidential appointments of ambassadors and Supreme Court justices. This authority is established in the U.S. Constitution, specifically in Article II, Section 2, which grants the President the power to appoint ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, as well as Supreme Court judges, with the advice and consent of the Senate. This process involves the Senate holding hearings and then voting to confirm or reject the President's nominations. The requirement for Senate approval is intended to ensure a system of checks and balances, allowing the legislative branch to have a role in key appointments that can significantly impact government policy and the judiciary.

The Cabinet, the House of Representatives, and the Judiciary Committee do not have the explicit constitutional authority to provide this advice and consent for these appointments. While the Judiciary Committee may hold hearings on judicial nominations as part of the Senate's process, it does not hold the sole responsibility for approval. This comprehensive structure emphasizes the Senate's crucial role in maintaining a balanced government.